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Immunomodulation Assay

1. Assay Principle

The expression of various inflammatory factors is highly dependent on the NFκB signaling pathway. This assay utilizes a human monocyte cell line integrated with an NFκB-driven reporter gene system to quantitatively evaluate the effects of test substances on the intracellular NFκB signaling transduction pathway.

2. Mechanism of Action
Upon stimulation by inflammatory factors (such as LPS, IFN-γ, or TNF-α), the NFκB protein is activated and translocates into the nucleus, where it binds to the NFκB Transcriptional Response Element (NFκB-TRF) to initiate the transcription of downstream reporter genes. The expressed reporter protein (enzyme) is synthesized and subsequently secreted into the cell culture medium. Therefore, by measuring the enzymatic activity of the reporter protein in the medium, the activation level of the NFκB signaling pathway can be quantitatively evaluated, as there is a high positive correlation between the two.

3. Applications
> Anti-Inflammatory Drug Screening :
Evaluate the inhibitory effects of cells, exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs), cosmetic ingredients, small molecules, natural extracts, etc., on the NFκB pathway.
> Toxicology and Irritancy Assessment :
Detect whether chemical substances trigger early-stage cellular inflammatory "alarm signals."
> This assay system is not applicable to cytotoxic test substances, as they may interfere with the interpretation of experimental results.